Physicists have spent decades treating mass as something the universe simply hands to particles, a property encoded in ...

Physicists are exploring whether hidden dimensions and the shape of space could help explain why fundamental particles have ...

In this paper, a Banach space framework is introduced in order to deal with finite-dimensional path-dependent stochastic differential equations. A version of Kolmogorov backward equation is formulated ...

Equations are the bedrock of science, expressing how numbers or physical properties relate at a fundamental level. Without equations, most of our technology would never have been invented. We may have ...